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Why does temperature decrease when moving towards Altitudes


1. With the increase in elevation, the atmospheric pressure falls. A fall in pressure implies that the temperature also falls (Pressure is directly proportional to Temperature and vice versa). For gases, PV=NRT hence Pressure is directly proportional to temperature.
<img src="Atmospheric-pressure-with-altitude.jpg" alt="change in atmospheric pressure with altitude"/>
Change in Atmospheric pressure with altitude 
Cruithne9, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons


2. With the increase in elevation, the concentration of greenhouse gases decreases (Water vapor and carbon dioxide fall sharply with elevation). Hence the heat absorption capacity of the atmosphere will also decrease... 

Greenhouses gases are mainly carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons.

Water vapor is the earth's most abundant greenhouse gas responsible for about half of the earth's greenhouse effect.

The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon in which the earth's atmosphere traps the sun's heat.

The greenhouse effect is also responsible for making the earth livable as it is very necessary to maintain the average earth temperature (-18 degrees Celsius average earth temperature without the greenhouse effect v/s 15 degrees Celsius with the greenhouse effect).

 Earth has an atmosphere (air) because the velocity of gases under the effect of earth's gravitation is less than the escape velocity of this plane (Escape velocity is the minimum velocity needed to escape earth's gravitation (gravitation is an attractive force between 2 masses)). 

So denser (heavy) gases are towards the surface and light (rarer) gases are away from the earth's surface.


This is what greenhouse gases do to heat up the surface by reflecting back the sun's light.

And basically greenhouse houses gases don't just specifically reflect the sun's light back (it is the optics view of this phenomenon), they (greenhouse gas molecules) absorb the light and emit it back towards the planet.

Location: India

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